# Hypothesis and Significance Testing

Here's a quiz on hypothesis testing, the premise for all statistically significant data. Take this quiz to find out how well you can decide whether experimental results contain enough information to cast doubt on conventional wisdom.

Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis testing is a technique by statisticians, scientist, and data analysts for measuring whether the results of an experiment are _______________ and ________________ .

The statistical significance of the results of an experiment is often quantified using _____________ .

What is the goal of Hypothesis testing?

____________ hypothesis assumes that the claim we're trying to validate is invalid whereas _____________ hypothesis refers to the new claim that we wish to validate.

A statement made about a population for testing a claim is called?

Z-Statistic with a high magnitude indicates?

If the null hypothesis is false then which of the following is accepted?

A government official claims that the dropout rate for local schools is 25%. Last year, 190 out of 603 students dropped out. Determine whether this is a left-tailed test, right-tailed test, or two-tailed test.



Consider the question given above. You are testing the hypothesis that the dropout rate is less than 25% (<25%). Is this a left-tailed test, a right-tailed test, or a two-tailed test?

**Note:** Write "left", "right", or "two" in the answer without quotation.

The point where the Null Hypothesis gets rejected is called as?

What is the misuse of data analysis to find patterns in data that can be presented as statically significant thus, falsely concluding that we can reject the null hypothesis called?

&sigma; is also known as the population standard deviation, but in case we don't have it, we can also use the standard deviation of the sample data.

State True or False.

Abdullah is a quality control expert at a factory that paints car parts. He knew that the factory was painting 20% of the parts with an error, so he made a change in the painting process. After the change, Abdullah took a sample of 400 parts and found that 65 had an error, and the corresponding test statistic was z=-1.35. State whether Abdullah managed to reduce the error or not. Consider the significance level of Abdullah's Research as 0.05.

John has a coin that he suspects is unfair. So he wanted to test the coin by taking 100 different observations. But now he is confused about selecting the Null Hypothesis(H0) and Alternate Hypothesis(H1) for his observation. Help him choose the correct H0 and H1.

If you draw a random sample many times, a certain percentage of the confidence intervals will contain the population mean. This percentage is the ____________________________ .

Alternative Hypothesis is also called as?

"According to a large poll in a previous year, about 80% of homes in a certain county had access to high-speed internet. The following year, researchers wanted to test this theory. They took a random sample of 250 homes from that county and found that 189 of them had access to high-speed internet." 

Determine the Null Hypothesis(H0) and Alternate Hypothesis(H1) for the above?

The National Sleep Foundation recommends that teenagers aged 14 to 17 years old get at least 8 hours of sleep per night for proper health and wellness.

A statistics class at a large high school suspects that students at their school are getting less than 8 hours of sleep on average. To test their theory, they randomly sample 42 of these students and ask them how many hours of sleep they get per night. The mean from the sample is x&#772; =7.5

Here's their alternative hypothesis:

<quote>Ha: The average amount of sleep students at their school get per night is...</quote>

What is an appropriate ending to their alternative hypothesis?

A certain bag of fertilizer advertises that it contains 7.25 kg, but the amounts these bags actually contain are normally distributed with a mean of 7.4 kg and a standard deviation of 0.15 kg.

The company installed new filling machines, and they wanted to perform a test to see if the mean amount in these bags had changed. They took a random sample of 50 bags and observed a sample mean and standard deviation of x&#772; = 7.36 kg and sx = 0.12 kg.


Determine the type of the test

In context to Question 19, calculate the p-value for the above hypothesis rounded to 2 decimal places.

You can use this table to find the p-value: https://i.imgur.com/PPpG2wk.png

In context to the Question 19, Choose the correct answer for the following questions.
<ol>
<li>What conclusion should be made using a significance level of &alpha; = 0.1?</li>
<li>In context, what does this conclusion say?</li>
<li>How would the conclusion have changed if they had instead used a significance level of &alpha; = 0.05?</li>
</ol>

What is the relationship between the confidence level and the significance level in hypothesis testing?

A result is called “statistically significant” whenever


Type-I error will occur if an innocent person is

The rejection probability of Null Hypothesis when it is true is called as?

A deserving player is not selected in the national team, is an example of

Arrange the following steps in the process of hypothesis testing in proper sequence: 

A. Select the level of significance 
B. Setup null and alternative hypothesis 
C. Establish the decision rule 
D. Performance computations 
E. Select test statistics 
F. Draw conclusion 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A significance test based on a small sample may not produce a statistically significant result even if the true value differs substantially from the null value. This type of result is known as

Test your knowledge in Hypothesis and Significance Testing.